mining machinery
To meet the requirement for huge production of iron ores and removal of waste rock in a lot greater quantity from deep opencast mines, a compatible fleet of equipment has been created and now is getting made use of. Roller cone drill rig of bit dia 320 mm has been developed and deployed for drilling at flexible angles of 45 - 75o for smooth blasting. On the basis of satisfactory outcomes from rigs, higher capacity rig of bit dia 400 mm has been developed. Their productivity exceeds that from the current rigs by a factor of 1.5 due to automatic control of drilling. Another module of roller cone drilling rig has been created and preliminary trial results showed elevated drilling rate by aspect of 2.5 - 3 and reduction in power consumption by factor of 1.five - 2.0.
The most vital activity in opencast mines is the extraction and loading operations which have to have, for iron ore mining, shovels. Various kinds of shovels manufactured in the CIS are in use including hydraulic shovels. These are the world class merchandise so far s operating expense and service life are concerned. In the CIS, loading equipment, namely ‘Uralmash’, Izhorsky Zarod” and “Krasmash” are specialised excavators for ferrous metal opencast mines. Bucket capacity of these shovels is 12 to 16 cu m and boom/arms could be extended for heavy and difficult working condition.
As the transportation expenditures at some mines is 60 percent of total mining price, one from the thrust location of equipment development goes to this field. From the encounter gained over the years, it truly is concluded that productive transport technique will be the judicious mixture of railway transport, trucks haulage and conveying. Within the CIS opencast mines, certain characterisations have been attained and these are massive - scale production, favourable ecological condition and relatively low transportation expense. The primary trends in the opencast mines are :
1.       Improvement of facilities already available as well as development of new ones, such as locomotives and self - cleaning cars which will provide high technical levels and efficiency of mining operations;
2.       Technical requirements of transport systems for deep opencast mines.
3.       Using railway transport at deep levels of current open-pits (up to 350 - 450 m depth) by introduction of heavy gradients and in pit tunnels. Locomotives of 450 tonnes are required to be manufactured in that group of countries as their application in deep opencast mines will result in increasing the rolling stock productivity by 20-23 percent, improving a conveying capacity of transport inclines by 20-25 percent and decreasing power consumption by 5-7 percent. Further, in the CIS carriage, wagon factories are going to manufacture the reinforced self-closing cars with capacity within the range of 105 - 200 tonnes.
In Russia and Ukraine, where diesel locomotives were traditionally in use, now electric locomotives of greater traction force are replacing them. This substitution outcomes in increase in the railway transport efficiency, expanded field of application, reduced fuel consumption, and improvement of ecological conditions at opencast mines. Construction of in-pit tunnels and inclines has augmented the application of electric locomotives further. Locomotives are being applied in inclines having grade up to 50 - 60o. A tunnel in a particular mine, allowed the railway transport up to 280 m depth to have reached to the pit bottom. Further, off highway trucks of 75- 110 tonne capacity are getting commonly utilized in deep pits, but 120 - 180 tonne capacity trucks are also now deployed. Within the CIS, now multi - drive conveyors are also created and are in use.
The main advantage of this method is that rock mass may be transported from deep levels to surface without rehandling. Further, high inclination conveyors upto 45o are developed, which can handle/transport up to two,000cu.m/hr. Inside the CIS, high capacity crushers (over 2000 cu.m/hr) are being manufactured at present.